Adam Taylor

                                                                                                                                                Per. 3 AP US History

                                                                                                                                                7-12-04

                                                                                                                                                Chapter 2 Sect. 2 Outline

English Colonies in America

I. England Takes Interest in America

                A. King Henry VII sends John Cabot to North America, May 1497.

                                1. John lands near Nova Scotia and then did some exploring.

                                                A. King Henry VII gave John some land from the “new found land.”

                                2. John left again the next year but never was seen again.

                                3. Due to not having found any wealth and the Peace Treaty of Tordesillas, England stops                          going to North America for 80 years.  

                                                A. But the in 1500s this would change due to economic and religious changes.

                B. Turning Point: The Reformation Divides Europe

                                1. 1517, Martin Luther protested against the Catholic Church and was excommunicated in                                 1520 for starting the Protestant Reformation.

                                2. In Switzerland John Calvin says that kings and bishops should not control the church.

                                                A. Starts the Calvin Church.

                C. The Reformation Changes England

                                1. 1527 King Henry VIII asked the pope to annual his marriage with Catherine of Aragon.

                                                A. Pope hesitates.

                                2. King Henry VIII breaks away from the Church and starts the Anglican Church.

                                                A. The church was still very similar to Catholic.

                                                                1. Some people wanted to purify the church’s ways.

                                                                                A. The Puritans

                                3. Under Queen Elizabeth I, some of the puritans got their way.

                                                A. The ideas of John Calvin started to affect to how to rule their church.

                                4. Under King James I he cracked down on them.

                                                A. So started people who wanted to leave England for religious freedom.

                D. Economic Changes in England

                                1. In England during the 1500s nobles started raising sheep for wool and made a ton of                                                     money.

                                                A. The nobles started to get rid of the people renting their land.

                                                                1. Know as the enclosure movement.

                                                B. With the increasing wool they started joint-stock companies.

                                                                1. Many people pooled their money together to for a company and or                                                                       share.

II. England Returns to America

                A.  In 1576 Englishman Martin Frobisher ended for North America with three ships.

                                1. He failed to find a Northern Passage .

                                                A. Sparks English interest in North America.

                                2. In the 1560s Queen Elizabeth allowed privateers to attacked the Spainish ships to help                                            the Dutch rebel. 

                                                A. Privateers are privately owned ships licensed by the government to attack                                                                      ships of other countries.

                B. Gilbert and Raleigh

                                1. English Privateers needed a base in Americas to allow attacks on Spanish ships.

                                                A. Queen Elizabeth sent Sir Humphrey Gilbert to colonize America.

                                                                1. After two attempts he died failing.

                                                B. Queen Elizabeth then sent his half-brother Walther Raleigh.

                                                                1. He settled the colony of Roanoke.

                                                                                A. Raleigh, left for supplies and got help up in England.                                C. The Lost Colony of Roanoke

                                1. In 1585 sends about 100 men to settle Roanoke.

                                                A. After a hard winter they complained and returned home.

                                2. In 1587 he sent 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children.

                                                1. John White the governor heads home for supplies.

                                                                A. He gets held up and when he returns now one there, and CRO was                                                                             carved into a tree.

III. Jamestown is Founded

                a. King James I allows the Virginia Company to colonize.

                                1. Dec. 20, 1606 three ships the Susan Constant, The Godspeed, and the Discovery.

                                2. They settled the town of Jamestown.

                A. Early Troubles

                                1. Most of the settlers, where townspeople and did not know how to deal with the new                                             life.

                                2. Upper-class citizens refused to work.

                                3. In 1608 only 58 of 200 people where alive.

                                4. Captain John Smith and Chief Powhatan saved the rest of the people.

                                                A. John Smith became the colony’s only strong leader. 

                                5. In the winter of 1607 he got trade going with the local natives (Powhatan                                                                 Confederacy).

                                6. So to stop the laziness they made deals.

                                                A. Work for the colony for seven years and get land.

                                7. August 1609 400 new settlers arrive, causing the problem of food for winter.

                                                A. The settles started to steal from the Native American.

                                                B. They started eating anything rats, dogs, horse hive.

                                                C. By spring 1610 only 60 settlers left.

                                8. The settles tried to flee and but meet other ships and colonized the James River.

                                                A. There the people worked harder and better.

                B. Tobacco Saves the Colony

                                1. John Rolfe grows 2,600 pounds of tobacco in 1614.

                                                A. King James I disliked tobacco.

                C. The First Assembly

                                1. In 1618, new leader of the Virginia Company in London gives the right of electing its                                                own government assembly to propose laws.

                                                A. Meet for the first time in Jamestown church on July 30, 1619.

                                                                1. A governor, 6 councilors, 20 representatives, 2 from each of the ten                                                                              towns.

                                                                                A. The representatives were called the burgesses.

                D. Headrights Lure Settlers

                                1. Headrights

                                                A. New settlers buy a share of the company or paid for their travel to America                                                                      and get 50 acres of land.

                                                B. 50 acres per family member over 15.

                                2. To keep males there the Virginia Company sent 90 women in 1619.

                E. Virginia Becomes A Royal Colony

                                1. The settlers started flowing in.

                                                A. Native Americans in March 1622, attacked and killed350 settlers, in                                                                                  Jamestown.

                                                                1. King James I reject the charter from the Virginia Company and                                                                             became a Royal Colony.

IV. Maryland Is Founded

                A. Lord Baltimore a member of the English Parliament.

                                1. Catholics are not liked in England.

                                                A. King Charles I gives the Catholics the territory.

                                                                1. In 1632, King Charles grants them a large area north of Virginia.

                                                                                A. Baltimore named the new colony Maryland either for the                                                                                         King’s wife for the Virgin Mary. 

                                                                2. The first proprietary colony.

                                                                                A. It is where the colony is governed by the governor who can                                                                                               do whatever he would like.