Adam Taylor

                                                                                                                                Per. 3 AP US History

                                                                                                                                7-9-04

                                                                                                                                Chapter 1 Section 5 Outline

Europe Encounters America

I. The Vikings Arrive in America

                A. The Norse aka Viking people where the first Europeans to reach the Americas.

                                1. They traveled on longboats and they reached circa 1000 A.D. lead by Leif Ericsson.

II. Spain Sends Columbus West

                A. Christopher Columbus the Italian explores travelers for Spain. 

                B. A New Geography

                                1. The Educated people know that the world is round by the 1400s.

                                2. 200 A.D. a Greek educated Egyptian geographer and astronomer named Claudis                                          Ptolemy made a map with longitude and latitude and 360 degrees.

                                3. In 1475 Ptolemy Geography was printed.

                                4. Arab geographer named al-Idrisi combined his map with Claudis and got a much                                                improved map.  

                C. Columbus’s Plan

                                1. Columbus disagrees with the map of Claudis and says that India is not far off from the                                          coast of Spain.

                                2. Columbus applied to the king of Portugal in 1484 who gave sent him to a group of                                     experts who disagree.

                                3. He countined to try and get the backing of other rulers like England, France, and Spain.

                D. Turing Point: The First Voyage

                                1. Columbus got three ships from Spain.

                                                A. The Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. 

                                2. Sailed to Canary Island for fresh supplies.

                                3. Then he sailed until he hit the Bahamas on the island of modern day San Salvador                                                    Island.

                                4. On this island he named the people Indians. Thinking he was in Asia.

                                5. He learned that there was gold on the islands.

                                6. He thought that Cuba was China, and Hispaniola was Japan.

                                7. He built Fort La Naviada on the island and left 40 men behind.

                                8. He returned to Spain in March 1493.

                E. Columbus’s Later Voyages

                                1. Less than six months passed before he headed back.

                                                A. This time with 17 ships and 1,200 Spanish colonists.

                                2. Arrived in November 1493 and found the found as empty.

                                3. There most of the colonist being nobles did no work and complained about the having                                                 to work and left.

                                4. Columbus started mining gold inside the island and enslaved the Taino people.

                                5. Columbus ended home in 1496 while his brother Bartholmew started the town of Santo                                     Domingo, the first Spainish capital in the Americas.

                                6. Columbus came back and explored and found the Orinoco River in 1498.

                                7. Columbus made his last trip in 1502 and mapped Guatemala to Panama.

III. Spain Claims America

                A. The Spainish started to explore a lot and claimed it all as their own.

                B. The Treaty of Tordesillas

                                1. The ruler of Spain appealed to the pope fore a decision on claiming the Americas.

                                2. Pope Alexander VI made the line of demarcation.

                                                A. This line made Spain and Portugal solve their problems.

                                3. Portugal had one thing changed the line moved 1000 miles west.

                                                A. This gave Portugal a good part of modern day Brazil the rest of the Americas                                                                     went to the Spainish.

                                                                1. This was solved by the Peace Treaty of Tordesillas.

                C. Naming Americas

                                1. In 1499 a Italian named Amerigo Vespucci sailing under the Spainish flag tried to find                                         the route to Asia.

                                2. Tried gain under Portugal in 1501.

                                3. Then a German scholar made it so that America was the name of the new world after                                                 Amerigo the discover.

                D. Counting Spanish Expeditions.

                                1. In 1513, the Spanish governor of Puerto Rico, Juan Ponce de Leon search for the                                           Fountain of Youth.

                                                A. He searched the modern state of Florida and after seeing all the flowers and                                                               wildlife he, named the land Florida which means “land of flowers”.

                                2. Spainish explorer Vasco de Balboa went hacking through the jungles of Mesoamerica                                            and was the first one to see the Pacific Ocean, in 1513.

                                3. In 1520, Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan working under Spain set off and rounded the                                              tip of South America and named the Pacific Ocean after it peacefulness. 

                                                A. His crew returned in 1522 after being the first people to circumnavigate the                                                               world, but not Magellan he died in the Philippine Island.

IV. The Columbian Exchange

                A. The Columbian Exchange, took place between the two different worlds and permanently                               changed them.

                B. From America to Europe

                                1. The Native Americans taught the European colonists to farm new crops like corn,                                           squash, beans, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, chili peppers, peanuts, chocolate, and                                          potatoes, and how to make Tobacco , and chewing gum.

                                                A. The potatoes was the most important discovery for them.

                C. From Europe to America

                                1. The Europeans introduced wheat, oats, barely, rye, rice, coffee, dandelions, onions,                                       bananas, and oranges and citrus fruits.