Adam Taylor

                                                                                                                                                Per. 3 AP US History

                                                                                                                                                6-2-04                                    

                                                                                                                                                Chapter.1 Sect. 2

Native American Cultures

I. The West

                A. Native Americans have adopted to their local environment by now.

                B. The Southwest

                                1. Home to the descendants of the Anasazi and Hohokam.

                                                A. These people where Zuni, Hopi, and other Pueblo people.

                                                                1. Some of their traditions were for example marriage had the man join                                                                                     the wife’s family.

                                                                2. Women’s duties were to raise children, farming, and constructing                                                                      houses.

                                                                3. When boys turn 6 they join the kachina cult.

                                                                                A. Kachina is a good spirit.

                                                                4. Circa 1500s the Apache and Navajo came from the northwest to this                                                                     region and learned farming. 

                C. The Pacific Coast

                                1. Located from southeastern Alaska to Washington state, it was home to the Tlingit,                                            Haida, Kwakiutls; Nootkas, Chinook, and Salish people.

                                                A. Did not farm but had permanent settlement.

                                                B. Used the local woods for building art, totem poles, canoes, houses, etc.

                                                C. The more inland groups near Yakima hunted, and forged for food.

                                                D. The Nez Perce’s territory between the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains                                                                 was home to nomadic life of the Ute and Shoshone.
                D. The Great Plains

                                1. The Great Plain Indians in the 1500s stopped farming due to wars and or drought,                                                     meanwhile the Europeans where arriving.

                                2. The Western Plains became nomadic, and in the east the Pawnee, Kansas, Iowa                                            countined to farm.

                                3. The Sioux and others on the Great Plain went to hunting.

                                                A. Sioux started to used the domesticated horses from the Europeans.

II. The Far North

                A. Home to the Inuit who where the most wide spread group, from Alaska to Greenland.

                                1. Depend heavily on hunting, seals, walruses, whales, polar bears, caribou, musk, oxen,                                           smaller game.

                                2. Developed the harpoon, the kayak, dogsled, boots with ivory spikes for walking on ice,                        special goggles to prevent snow blindness. 

                                3. Only group to develop lamps, by using oil, and bubbler from animals.

                                4. Lived with a single family to a few hundred people but spaced widely apart.

III. The Eastern Woodlands

                A. East of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes, home to great hunting, and copious                               deer.

                B. The Peoples of the Northeast

                                1. Had two major language groups, the Algonquian, and the Iroquoian.

                                2. The Algonquian came from what is today New England.

                                                A. These people where Wampanoag in Massachusetts, the Narragansett in                                                                  Rhode Island and the Pequot in Connecticut.

                                3. In Virginia lived the Powhatan Confederacy of the Algonquian speaking people.

                                                A. All the Algonquian where the fist to see  the English settlers.

                                4. West from the Hudson River across New York and southern Ontario and north to                                              Georgian Bay were the Iroquoian people.

                                                A. Included the Huron, Neutral, Erie, Wenro, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga,                                                                 Oneida, and Mohawk.  

                                5. Both language groups practice slash-and-burn agriculture.

                                6. Both language groups used longhouses, and wigwams.

                C. The Iroquois League

                                1. These people lived in kinship groups which are extended families, headed by elder                                        women of each clan.

                                                A. Up to ten related families lived together in each longhouse.

                                2. The Iroquois League was made up of Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and                                               Mohawk.

                                                A. Founded by Dekanawidah an elder shaman and or tribal elder and Hiawatha a                                                 chief of the Mohawk. 

                                                B. The league was founded when the powerful Huron was fighting them.

                                                C. 50 Chiefs made up the ruling council and run by men while the women ran the                                         kinship groups.

                D. The Peoples of the Southeast

                                1. Women farmed, men hunted.

                                2. Built the houses with mounds, moats, stockades around it.

                                3. The Cherokee the largest group of the Southeast.

                                                A. Lived in Tennessee. +

                                4. Were well developed when the Europeans started to arrive.