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World War I (1914-1918)
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Adam Taylor
WWI
8-11-04 World War I (1914-1918) I. WWI
A. Not every country really wanted to go to war, but all that did felt they had just cause.
1. Government helped fuel this with propaganda.
2. No one believed the war would last beyond a few months, but things were dramatically
different than expected.
II. The Western Front
1. Germany vs. France for the most part.
2. The Germans hoped to put together a nice and easy victory with the Schlieffen plan (a move
circling behind Paris through Belgium to hit the rear
of the French Army.)
A. The plan was stifled by the French not far out of Paris at the First Battle of the Morme.
3. Eventually the Western Front bogged down into a Trench War.
4. Trench War.
A. The military leaders on both sides realized that they must take defensive position
or
take the risk being destroyed be the new weapons
of the war (tanks, machine guns,
planes, etc.
B. The leaders also realized that they could not win with trenches so they would need to
break their opponents lines in order to mover
am to victory.
1. Thus they countined to send waves of offensive in spite of their complete
ineffectiveness (examples include the Battle of the
Somme and Verdum). III. The Eastern Front
1. Germany and Austria-Hungry vs. Russia, Serbia and Italy. (Italy changed sides in 1915.)
2. War was much different in the East no trenches.
A. The Germany/Austria-Hungry alliance winning decisive battles gave them the ability
to concentrate more on the West. IV. Winning the War
1. The stalemate in Europe caused the major European power to search for new alliances.
A. The Ottoman Empire had join the Central Powers.
B. Italy had switched to the side of the Allies.
C. Allies looked to take a hold in the Balkans, but were denied with the joining of the
Central Powers by Bulgaria as well as a major
defeat in the city of Gallipolis.
D. British officer Lawrence of Arabia led an upraising against the Ottomans in the Middle
East.
E. Egypt also attacked the Ottoman Empire.
F. Japan and Australia took German colonies in Pacific.
G. No one country had a bigger impact am the war through than the US. V. US Involvement
1. We tried to stay out (Wilson’s campaign slogan.)
2. Developed out of the navy war battles between Great Britain and Germany.
A. Both had to set up blockades.
3. On May 7th 1915 the Lusitania was sunk.
A. 1,100 passengers killed including 100 Americans.
B. Germany promised to stop attacking passenger ships so as not to include the US in the
war.
C. But soon after the Germans resumed their attacks on ships to try and starve out the
Brits.
D. The plan failed and the US eventually joined in this war giving the Allied countries a
real boost mentally and physically. VI. The Total War Effort Total War: Involving the complete
mobilization of resources and people (in other words everything your country does revolves around the war.)
1. Government control of politics and economy grew rapidly.
A. Government took control of industries to make sure enough of the right things were
produced.
B. Work to convince people that everything they do was in some way to help the war
effort.
2. Dealing with low morale.
A. New agencies were created to help protestors and other speak negatively
of the war.
B. Newspapers were censored and sometime stopped.
C. Countined direct appeal to people loyalty through use of propaganda.
3. Woman are brought into the workforce.
**War changes the lives of all Europeans and helped ensure things would never be the same in the
world again.** VII. The End of the War
1. Germany tried a more offensive in attempt to win the war at the 2nd Battle of the Morme.
A. The Allies hold the Germans off.
2. The Allies start pushing Germany back.
A. Germany starts thinking about peace.
B. The Allies do not want peace (Great Britain and France.)
3. Paris Peace Conference.
A. A meeting of the 27 allied countries.
B. Dominated by the Big 4- Great Britain, David Lloyd George
France, George Clemeneau
Italy, Vittorio Orlando
USA, Woodrow Wilson.
C. Each of the Big 4 countries wanted something different.
D. Treaty of Versailles (Germany -
1. War Guilty
2. Pay Reparations
3. Limit the Military
A. 100,000 Army
B. Navy cut back
C. No Luftwaffen
4. Lost Territory.