Adam Taylor

                                                                                                                                                8-11-04

                                                                                                                                                African Colonization

African Colonization

I. African Colonization

                1. By 1914 all of Africa was under colonial rule expect for the countries of Libya and Ethiopia.

                                A. West Africa

                                                1. This area had been important during the slave trade.

                                                                A. By 1890, slavery was over world wide.

                                                2. Over time the Europeans found other resources (palm oil, animal hides,                                                         mineral resources.)

                                                3. Great Britain is the first to really colonize.

                                                                A. Set up colonies at the Gold Coast and Sierra Leone.

                                                4. France due to rivalry with Great Britain came into colonies as well.

                                                5. Germany also took a small bit of land.

                                                                A. Otto von Bismarck only did it please the voters.

                                B. North Africa

                                                1. Area closet to Europe.

                                                2. Great Britain is the first in.

                                                3. Suez Canal started in 1854 after Ferdinand de Lesseps got permission to build.

                                                4. British come in 1869 and take Egypt’s share of the canal.

                                                                A. And later took all of Egypt.

                                                                B. Later expand to control Sudan as well.

                                                5. France, Great Britain get land.

                                                6. Italy takes Libya.

                                C. East Africa

                                                1. Great Britain, Germany, Portugal all claim land.

                                                2. Berlin Conference in 1884 divides the land.

                                D. Central Africa

                                                1. David Livingstone goes to central Africa.

                                                                A. He’s British.

                                                                B. Spends 30 years exploring the land.

                                                2. US sends in Henry Stanely to find him.

                                                3. Livingstone killed and Stanely counties his journey.

                                                4. Stanely turns to King Leopold of Belgium.

                                E. South Africa

                                                1. The port city of Cape Town had been an important Dutch colony.

                                                                A. The Boers/Afrikaners as the Dutch were called until the Napoleonic                                                                                 War when the British moved in and set up their own colony. (Cape                                                                           Colony).

                                                                B. In response to the British take over of the area caused the Great Trek                                                             north to found two new colonies, Orange Free State, and Transvaal                                                                                   (South Africa Republic.)

                                F. Ceail Rhodes

                                                1. Founded a new British colony called Rhodesia.

                                                                A. The colony had much gold and diamond mines.

                                                                B. Came to be a powerful politician in the area.

                                                2. Wanted to connect “Cape Town to Cairo” via railroad.

                                G. Boer War (1899-1902)

                                                1. Rhodes developed a secret plan to attack the Boers lands.

                                                                A. He got fired, but not before he had started  international incident.

                                                2. Great Britain won due to an overwhelming military strength.

                                                                A. They then united all lands in South Africa.

                                                                                1. Only whites could votes to the Boers happy.