Age Of Perciles
I. After the Persian
Wars:
A.
Greeks with their victory become the world power.
1. Athens becomes dominant city-states.
B
The rest of the Greeks divides into two camps.
1. If you join with Sparta.
A. You get an army if you join their side.
B. Spartans do not change taxes.
C. You do not have to be like the Sparta.
2. If you join with Athens you get to be protected by the Delian League.
A. Athens is dominant
B. Athens becomes the center of trade and it main port just out side the city was Pirievors which would be the port
that would bring in the Black Death in the years to came.
II. Age of Pericles
A.
Dominant figures in Athens from 461-429 B.C.
B.
Starts the great period of democracy.
1. Use direct democracy.
2. Anyone can speak at the assembly meetings about politics.
3. Ostracism: Used to control political power.
C.
During this time Athens reaches it peak.
III. Peloponnesian War:
A.
Athens and Sparta goes to war.
Lasted from 431-404 B.C.
B.
Sparta comes to Athens to fight.
1. Pericles decides to keep his army and the surrounding people in the city. The population goes to 300,000 roughly
in a city fit for 70,000-100,000 into the city walls.
A. Then the Black Death comes into the city of Athens and kills 1/3 of the Athenians. This Black Death comes from a
Egyptian Granary ship that arrived at the port city of main port city.
The Peloponnesian War:
I. Peloponnesian War
A.
Fought between Athens and Sparta.
B.
Fought from 431-404 B.C.
C.
In 429 Pericles died from the Plague that would killed nearly 100,000 people.
1. The Plague is believed to come first from Ethiopia, and then spread from their to infect the world basically over
many, many centuries.
2. The Athenians did not and could not run or even leave the city walls because the Spartan army was waiting right
out side.
3. As soon as Pericles died the Athenians lost most hope of victory or to know what to do as so they were in deep trouble.
4. Then in 404 B.C. the Athenians were defeated.
D. The war destroyed Greece and opened
them to a take over by the Macedonians.
Athenian Philosophy
I. Athenian Philosophy
A.
Philosophy: an organized system of thought.
1. Many early Greek Philosophers tried to explain the universe using unifying principles.
B.
Pythagoras
A. The essence of the universe could be found in music and numbers.
B. Not everyone agreed with Pythagoras. They were in fact many different schools of philosophy.
C.
Sophists:
A. Group of the teachers in the 5th Century of Athens.
B. Believed it was out of the reality of possibilities for the human mind to understand the universe.
C. Instead, they believed that humans should try to improve themselves individually.
D. Stressed the importance of rhetoric.
II. Rhetoniric: The art of speaking of persuasive.
A. Said there is no absolute right or wrong, but that it depends upon the, individual person and that true wisdom came
from being able to perceive and peruse ones own good.
III. Socrates:
A. Was a critic of the Sophists.
B. Used a teaching method named the Socratic Method, which uses a question and answer format to lead today to see thing
using their won reason
C. Believed that we already have all the real knowledge inside of us, and we just need to get it out.
D. Socrates questions eventually got him into trouble and it was put to death for believe in the God and changing the
youth out of what the Athenian military wanted, which was mindless soldiers.
Plato
I. Plato
A. A student of Socrates
B. Considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of western civilization.
C. Extremely passionate about concept of realness. He always wanted know..what is real?
A. He believed that what we see when we look at something is the reflection of the form.
B. The goal of philosophy that was to become aware of the forms.
D. Plato was also a writer.
A. His most famous work it was The Republic, which was about is a weak designed to show how Plato felt government
should be run if it was to be at its best.
The ideas of The Republic:
A. Individuals can not achieve a good life with out living in a just and rotational land.
B. People are divided into 3 groups.
Philosopher kings
Warriors
Masses
3. Women and men should have equal education opportunities as well as access to all three positions in society.
II. Aristotle:
A. A student of Plato at the Academy.
B. Do not accept Platos theory of realness
A. Thought we can tell the form of something by seeing at it is.
C. Interested in analyzing and classifying things based on investigation and observations.
D. Also interested impolitic and wrote about his voice in his Politics.
The idea of Politics
1. Three are good forms of government.
2. Constitutional government is better.
A. Monarchy
B. Aristocracy
C. Constitutional government.
